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Personality as the basis for theoretical predilections.

J A Johnson¹, C K Germer, J S Efran

¹Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, DuBois 15801.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

|November 1, 1988

Summary

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Behavioral scientists’ philosophical assumptions differ by theoretical persuasion. These assumptions, measured by the Organicism-Mechanism Paradigm Inventory (OMPI), correlate with personality and interests, suggesting self-views influence scientific perspectives.

Area of Science:

Psychology
Philosophy of Science

Background:

Behavioral scientists hold diverse theoretical perspectives.
Understanding the philosophical underpinnings of these perspectives is crucial for scientific self-reflection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether different theoretical groups of behavioral scientists exhibit distinct philosophical assumptions.
To examine the relationship between philosophical assumptions and personal/professional characteristics.

Main Methods:

Administered the World Hypothesis Scale (WHS) and Organicism-Mechanism Paradigm Inventory (OMPI) to four groups of behavioral scientists (sociobiologists, behaviorists, personality psychologists, human developmentalists).
Assessed correlations between OMPI scores and personality, intellectual style, interpersonal style, and occupational interests in a larger sample (N=622).

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Main Results:

Significant differences in philosophical assumptions were found among the four theoretical groups on both WHS and OMPI.
The OMPI demonstrated better psychometric soundness and showed consistent correlations with various self-report and peer-rated measures.
Philosophical assumptions, particularly as measured by OMPI, were linked to personality, intellectual and interpersonal styles, and occupational interests.

Conclusions:

Behavioral scientists' philosophical presuppositions vary significantly based on their theoretical orientations.
The Organicism-Mechanism Paradigm Inventory (OMPI) is a reliable measure for assessing these assumptions.
Scientists' philosophical views may reflect their self-perceptions, highlighting a potential link between personal identity and theoretical frameworks.