Introspection
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
The Scientific Method
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch
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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
Bruce H Campbell1, Robert Treat, Benjamin Johnson
1B.H. Campbell is professor of otolaryngology and communication sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9485-5728. R. Treat is associate professor of emergency medicine and director of measurement and evaluation, Office of Academic Affairs, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-3858. B. Johnson is an otolaryngology resident, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. A.R. Derse is the Julia and David Uihlein Chair in Medical Humanities, professor of bioethics and emergency medicine, and director, Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Medical students often feel unreflective, but workshops integrating personal statements with reflective writing improved their clarity on clinical encounters. Most students found these sessions surprisingly insightful, enhancing their reflection skills.
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