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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Effect of Left Atrial Ligation on Avian Embryonic Hearts and HLHS Implications
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Single Atrium and Miscarriages.

Fatos Kojqiqi1, Arben Kojqiqi2, Ismet Jusufi3

  • 1Department of Cardiosurgery, American Hospital Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Reports
|February 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare congenital heart defect, single atrium (SA), was successfully surgically repaired in a 27-year-old woman. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and effective surgical intervention for single atrium, ensuring positive long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
common atriumheart defectmiscarriagespregnancypreterm birthssingle atrium

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Single atrium (SA) is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by the complete absence of the inter-atrial septum.
  • Typically, these defects are surgically corrected in infancy, but this case involves an adult repair.
  • The condition can lead to significant hemodynamic alterations, such as an elevated Qp/Qs ratio.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old woman with a large single atrium (9.97 × 6.18 cm) and a Qp/Qs of 4.1 presented for surgical correction.
  • The patient had no coexisting valvular pathology.
  • Surgical repair involved the creation of a new atrial septum using a double-velour patch.

Findings:

  • The surgical repair of the single atrium was successful, with no AV bundle damage.
  • Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography confirmed no residual shunt post-repair.
  • The patient remained asymptomatic and in excellent condition at first and second-year follow-ups.

Implications:

  • Timely diagnosis of single atrium, particularly in women of childbearing age, is crucial to prevent complications like miscarriages and preterm births.
  • This case demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of surgical correction in adult patients with single atrium.
  • Successful surgical repair of single atrium can lead to excellent long-term outcomes without late complications.