Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Medical Devices

Background:

• Advancements in implantable electronics have led to novel device designs for reduced invasiveness.
• Injectable biomedical electronics are being explored for precise targeting of deep-seated organs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review classes of biomedical electronics and tools with high aspect ratio structures for minimally invasive internal organ monitoring and therapy.
• To discuss diverse injectable implant types, enabling electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and microfluidic functions for site-specific stimulation and measurement.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on injectable biomedical electronics.
• Analysis of device designs, materials, and delivery strategies for minimally invasive applications.
• Discussion of electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and microfluidic functionalities.

Main Results:

• High aspect ratio, flexible implantable devices facilitate injection/insertion into deep organs with minimal protrusion.
• These devices enable effortless navigation through complex biological cavities and enhance chronic reliability.
• Diverse injectable implants utilizing various functionalities for targeted monitoring and therapy have been developed.

Conclusions:

• Injectable biomedical electronics represent a promising approach for minimally invasive deep body monitoring and therapy.
• Flexibility and noninvasive delivery strategies are key to the success of these devices.
• Further research into challenges and future directions is crucial for advancing deep body biomedical electronics.