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Novel coronavirus COVID-19: an overview for emergency clinicians

Al Giwa1, Akash Desai2

  • 1Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

Emergency Medicine Practice
|February 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of COVID-19, a novel coronavirus. It emphasizes best practices and public health implications for this emerging human pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Epidemiology
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include endemic strains (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43) and emergent strains (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, COVID-19).
  • * Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are highly pathogenic.
  • * COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, emerged in Wuhan, China, and has caused a global pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the epidemiology of COVID-19.
  • * To examine the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
  • * To outline the management strategies and public health implications of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of scientific publications on COVID-19.
  • * Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • * Synthesis of information on clinical presentation and management.

Main Results:

  • * COVID-19 exhibits significant human-to-human transmission.
  • * Pathophysiological mechanisms contribute to severe disease manifestations.
  • * Effective management requires a multi-faceted public health approach.

Conclusions:

  • * Understanding COVID-19's epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for control.
  • * Best practices in management are essential to mitigate mortality and morbidity.
  • * Public health strategies must address the global implications of this novel coronavirus.

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