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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Gender Differences in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Implications for Screening?

Jerena Manoharan1, Carmen Bollmann1, Peter Herbert Kann2

  • 1Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Visceral Medicine
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gender differences in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) are subtle. While thymic tumors are more common in men, women with MEN1 should undergo breast cancer screening.

Keywords:
GenderMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1Screening

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Reported gender-related differences in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) lack conclusive evidence.
  • This study investigates gender disparities in MEN1 and their implications for patient screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on gender differences in MEN1.
  • To analyze a genetically confirmed MEN1 cohort to evaluate gender-specific manifestations and screening needs.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic literature review (1990-2019) using terms like "MEN1", "gender", and "sex".
  • Retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from a genetically confirmed MEN1 cohort at Philipps University Marburg.

Main Results:

  • Literature review of 1,057 patients showed inconsistent findings on gender differences in pituitary and pancreatic tumors.
  • Thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) were predominantly found in men across studies.
  • Women with MEN1 demonstrated an increased risk for breast cancer; this was also observed in the analyzed cohort where thymic lesions were more frequent in males.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-specific diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for typical MEN1 manifestations are not recommended.
  • Female MEN1 patients should be advised to participate in breast cancer screening programs due to increased risk.