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Glucose signaling in the brain and periphery to memory
Md Shamim Hossain1, Yutaka Oomura1, Takehiko Fujino2
1Department of Neuroinflammation and Brain Fatigue Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|March 1, 2020
Summary
Glucose impacts memory by affecting both the brain and gut. This review explores how glucose influences memory and its connection to type-2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Metabolism
Background:
- Glucose is vital for energy metabolism, appetite control, and memory consolidation.
- Recent findings show epigenetic control of memory-related gene expression in murine brain cells by glucose.
- Glucose also regulates gut cells, releasing incretins that may influence memory via the vagus nerve.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted effects of glucose on both the gut and brain.
- To elucidate the intricate role of glucose in memory function.
- To explore potential links between altered glucose signaling in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on glucose's effects on the gut-brain axis.
- Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms regulating memory-related genes.
- Discussion of incretin release and vagus nerve stimulation pathways.
Main Results:
- Glucose exerts cell-specific regulation on memory-related gene expression in the brain.
- Gut-derived incretins, influenced by glucose, may modulate memory processes.
- Altered glucose signaling in T2DM presents a potential risk factor for AD.
Conclusions:
- Glucose plays a significant role in memory function through direct brain effects and indirect gut-brain axis modulation.
- Dysregulation of glucose metabolism, as seen in T2DM, may contribute to neurodegenerative conditions like AD.
- Further research is warranted to fully understand the therapeutic potential of targeting glucose metabolism for cognitive health.
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