Expression of non-coding RNAs in hematological malignancies

With the advent of novel high throughput techniques, an extensive number of non-coding RNAs have been recognized to be involved in the pathogenesis of different types of hematological malignancies. These transcripts are classified according to their length to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Expression studies have revealed dysregulation of their expression in leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Notably, some miRNAs have been shown to define stem cell features in leukemic cells. Several lncRNAs exert their pathogenic roles via modulation of miRNA expression or function by acting as sponges for these transcripts. Consequently, recognition of the interactive network between lncRNAs and miRNAs would help in revealing the underlying mechanism of cancer. In this review, we summarize the functions and characteristics of tumor-associated lncRNAs and miRNAs as well as their participation in the hematological malignancies. These data might facilitate design of targeted therapies for this kind of malignancy.