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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Metabotropic Modulation of Potassium Channels During Synaptic Plasticity.

D Fernández-Fernández1, J A Lamas1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.

Neuroscience
|March 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Potassium channels regulate neuron excitability and synaptic plasticity. Metabotropic receptors modulate these channels, influencing neurotransmitter release and synaptic potentiation/depression.

Keywords:
LTDLTPhomeostatic plasticitymetabotropic receptorspotassium channelssynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Physiology

Background:

  • Potassium channels are vital for neuronal resting membrane potential and excitability.
  • These channels are diverse, with specific distributions at synapses.
  • Metabotropic receptors modulate potassium channels via second messenger cascades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of metabotropic receptors in modulating potassium channels.
  • To examine the impact of this modulation on synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on potassium channels and metabotropic receptors.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways linking neurotransmitters to ion channel function.
  • Evaluation of experimental evidence on synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Metabotropic receptors link neurotransmitter action to changes in neuronal excitability.
  • Potassium channel modulation by metabotropic receptors affects postsynaptic potentials and long-term potentiation/depression.
  • Presynaptic potassium channel regulation influences neurotransmitter release probability and short-term plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between metabotropic receptors and potassium channels is crucial for synaptic plasticity.
  • Understanding this interaction provides insights into neuronal function and dysfunction.