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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

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Changing Contact Patterns Over Disease Progression: Nipah Virus as a Case Study.

Kyu Han Lee¹, Birgit Nikolay², Hossain M S Sazzad^3,4

¹Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

|March 3, 2020

Summary

Contact patterns significantly influence Nipah virus transmission. Increased contacts, especially with fatal cases, highlight changes in disease progression and infection risk.

Keywords:

Nipah virus infectious disease transmission social behavior

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Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Infectious Disease Transmission

Background:

Contact patterns are crucial for disease spread.
Variations in host infectiousness and contact frequency impact transmission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how contact patterns change with Nipah virus disease severity.
To understand the role of evolving contact behaviors in transmission.

Main Methods:

Surveys conducted among 1642 contacts of 94 Nipah virus patients in Bangladesh.
Analysis of physical and bodily fluid contact patterns relative to disease progression and outcome.

Main Results:

The number of contacts increased as Nipah virus disease severity worsened.
For fatal cases, contact frequency peaked on the day of death.
Transmission was observed exclusively among fatal cases.

Conclusions:

Changes in contact patterns during Nipah virus illness progression are linked to increased infection risk.
Contact behaviors, particularly in severe and fatal cases, are critical factors in disease transmission.