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Related Concept Videos

Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Probability Histograms01:17

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A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
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Line Loss01:10

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Histogram01:05

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The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data represents (for instance, distance from your home to school). The vertical y-axis is labeled either frequency or relative frequency (or percent frequency or probability).
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A standard box and whisker plot informs us about the spread of the data in a given sample. One can identify the minimum value, maximum value, first quartile value, second quartile or median value, and third quartile.
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Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Nuclear Medicine
    • Data Analysis

    Background:

    • List-mode data is increasingly utilized in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
    • Many current imaging systems bin list-mode data prior to image reconstruction, potentially leading to information loss.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate that binning list-mode data results in information loss.
    • To develop a computational method for quantifying this information loss in SPECT and PET imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of Fisher information in list-mode data.
    • Development and application of a computational method to quantify information loss due to data binning.

    Main Results:

    • Binning list-mode data demonstrably leads to a loss of Fisher information.
    • The extent of information loss is contingent upon the smoothness of the mean data function.
    • Information loss is also influenced by the characteristics of the imaged object and the specific binning strategy employed.

    Conclusions:

    • Data binning in SPECT and PET imaging is not information-preserving.
    • Quantifying information loss is crucial for optimizing imaging protocols.
    • Future research should consider the interplay between data properties, object characteristics, and binning schemes to minimize information loss.