Multivariate Analysis of Influence of Vitamin Intake on Vascular Function Parameters by Sex in the General Spanish...

The influence of vitamin intake on vascular function parameters in the Spanish general population has not been studied. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of vitamin intake on vascular function and as a secondary objective the adequacy of vitamin intake in a sample of the Spanish population without previous cardiovascular disease and analyze the differences according to sex. Methods: We included 501 individuals obtained by simple random sampling with replacement (reference population 43,946). The average age was 55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men. Participants recorded the intake of vitamins using the EVIDENT app, previously validated, during a period of 3 days. Vascular function was assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) with the SphygmoCor device, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with the VaSera device and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using a validated equation. Results: The vitamins with the least adequate intake was vitamin D, less than 5%, and vitamin B₉, less than 35%. Vitamins with an adequate intake percentage, close to 100%, were B₁₂ and B₆. The multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between cfPWV and vitamin B₂ in both sexes, and a positive one with retinol in men and B₃ in women. baPWV was negatively associated with vitamins B₁ and B₁₂ in women and B₉ in men, while being positively linked with B₆ in men. CAVI presented a negative association with vitamin D in women. The results were similar in the canonical correspondence analysis. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the influence of vitamins on vascular function is not homogeneous and varies according to the parameter analyzed. Thus, in men, vitamins B₂ and retinol were associated with cfPWV and vitamins B₆ and B₉ with baPWV. In women, vitamins B₂ and B₃ were related cfPWV, vitamins B₁ and B₁₂ with cfPWV and vitamin D with CAVI.