Botulinum toxin type A for controlling bruxism assessed with computerized occlusal analysis: A pilot study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Dentistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Bruxism, characterized by involuntary jaw clenching and grinding, can lead to significant dental issues and pain.
• Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) is increasingly explored for its potential to alleviate symptoms associated with bruxism by targeting masticatory muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) in modifying mandibular movements and bite force percentage (BF%) in individuals with bruxism.
• To assess the temporal effects of BTX-A on occlusal parameters.

Main Methods:

• Ten participants diagnosed with bruxism were divided into two groups based on bite force imbalance.
• Botulinum toxin-A (140U) was administered intramuscularly into the masseter and temporalis muscles.
• Mandibular movements and bite force were assessed using T-Scan® technology at baseline and at 15, 45, 90, and 120 days post-injection.

Main Results:

• Significant reductions in bite force percentage (BF%) were observed in one group starting at 15 days post-injection (p=0.028).
• Occlusion time (OT) and disclusion times (DT) for right, left, and protrusive movements showed significant alterations at various time points (p<0.05).
• BTX-A demonstrated a notable impact on occlusal dynamics and force distribution.

Conclusions:

• Botulinum toxin-A effectively reduces bite force percentage in bruxism patients, with effects becoming apparent as early as 15 days post-injection.
• BTX-A treatment influences mandibular biomechanics, affecting occlusion and disclusion patterns.
• The findings suggest BTX-A is a viable therapeutic option for managing bruxism-related occlusal dysfunction.