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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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A late preterm infant with lymphopenia.

Shazia Lutfeali, David A Khan, Christian Wysocki

    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
    |March 4, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) can detect T-cell lymphopenia from various causes. This case highlights a newborn girl with T-cell lymphopenia of unknown origin identified through routine screening.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Neonatal Medicine

    Background:

    • Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) utilizes T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) via real-time quantitative PCR.
    • The SCID newborn screen is highly sensitive but can also detect T-cell lymphopenia from non-SCID causes.

    Observation:

    • A newborn infant presented with an abnormal newborn screening result indicating T-cell lymphopenia.
    • The etiology of the T-cell lymphopenia in this infant was initially unknown.

    Findings:

    • The study identifies T-cell lymphopenia in a neonate through newborn screening.
    • The underlying cause of T-cell lymphopenia was not immediately apparent, necessitating further investigation.

    Implications:

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    • Abnormal newborn screening for SCID requires careful evaluation to differentiate SCID from other causes of T-cell lymphopenia.
    • This case underscores the importance of follow-up diagnostics for T-cell lymphopenia detected during newborn screening.
    • Understanding the diverse etiologies of T-cell lymphopenia is crucial for appropriate neonatal care and management.