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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

1.7K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
4.1K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

1.5K
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
1.5K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

5.8K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
5.8K
Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving01:20

Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving

2.1K
There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
In order to solve a problem related to heat transfer, first of all, the situation needs to be examined to determine the type of heat transfer involved. This could...
2.1K
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

703
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
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Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

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Current Rerouting Improves Heat Removal in Few-Layer WSe Devices.

Arnab K Majee1, Zahra Hemmat2, Cameron J Foss1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9292, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Few-layer (FL) transition-metal dichalcogenides like WSe2 experience self-heating, degrading performance. Current reroutes to cooler bottom layers, improving heat removal and device mobility in few-layer WSe2 devices.

Keywords:
Raman thermometryelectrothermalfew-layered TMDsfield-effect transistorsmobilityphononsself-heatingthermal boundary conductance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Few-layer (FL) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show promise for nanoelectronics due to enhanced carrier mobility.
  • Self-heating effects in FL-TMDs under operating conditions negatively impact their electronic and thermal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrothermal behavior of few-layer WSe2 devices.
  • To understand the impact of Joule heating on carrier mobility and current distribution.
  • To explore strategies for optimizing device performance and thermal management.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of few-layer WSe2 devices.
  • Measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics.
  • Quantification of device temperature using Raman thermometry.
  • First-principles simulations for thermal analysis.

Main Results:

  • Joule heating causes significant, layer-dependent temperature increases in FL-WSe2 devices.
  • Elevated temperatures in top layers degrade mobility, leading to current rerouting to cooler bottom layers.
  • Current rerouting enhances heat dissipation by flowing through layers with higher thermal conductance.
  • Lateral heat removal through contacts is observed, influenced by thermal healing length.

Conclusions:

  • Self-heating significantly affects carrier mobility and current flow in FL-WSe2 devices.
  • Current rerouting to bottom layers is a beneficial phenomenon for thermal management.
  • Understanding layer-dependent thermal effects is crucial for optimizing FL-TMD device design and performance.