Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

6.4K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
6.4K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

391
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
391
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.7K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

386
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
386
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.1K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.1K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

402
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
402

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on the interchangeability of somatostatin receptor PET tracers.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Is preoperative adrenoceptor blockade necessary in patients with paraganglioma?

Endocrine-related cancer·2026
Same author

Romosozumab for the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis in two female patients.

JBMR plus·2026
Same author

Mapping transition of care for rare endocrine conditions: findings from a cross-sectional survey by the Endo-ERN ToC Working Group.

Endocrine connections·2026
Same author

European Society of Neuroendocrine Tumors (ENETS) 2025 guidance paper for lung and thymic carcinoids.

Journal of neuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Correction: Patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hypothalamic-pituitary involvement: insights from the HEROS study cohort.

Pituitary·2026
Same journal

Erratum.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Stress as a Neuroendocrine Modulator of the Reproductive Axis: Roles of Glucocorticoids, Kisspeptin and Serotonergic Signalling in Animal Models.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Pathological Classification and Clinical Characteristics of Growth Hormone-Secreting PitNETs.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Proximal-to-distal gradient and its implications in differentiation and prognosis in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: the RGETNE-HERACLES study.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Inflammatory Signaling and Emotional Symptoms in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Beyond Thyroid Function Status.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
Same journal

Comparison of [111In]octreotide scintigraphy and [68Ga]DOTATOC PET in GEP-NETs: concordance of Krenning scores and implications for PRRT treatment eligibility.

Neuroendocrinology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.0K

Hypophysitis (Including IgG4 and Immunotherapy).

Anna Angelousi1, Krystallenia Alexandraki2, Marina Tsoli2

  • 1First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, a.angelousi@gmail.com.

Neuroendocrinology
|March 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypophysitis, or pituitary gland inflammation, is increasingly recognized. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like adrenal insufficiency.

Keywords:
HypophysitisHypopituitarismIgG4Immune checkpoint inhibitors

More Related Videos

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

24.9K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.0K
Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

24.9K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hypophysitis involves pituitary gland inflammation, primary or secondary to other conditions or drugs.
  • Increasing cases highlight the need to understand its pathogenesis, clinical, and diagnostic features.
  • Current biomarkers, including pituitary autoantibodies, have limited diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts and recent developments in hypophysitis.
  • To discuss pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hypophysitis pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • Analysis of primary (PH) and secondary (SH) hypophysitis classifications.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH) is the most common cause of PH; IgG4-related hypophysitis is increasingly recognized.
  • Histiocytosis and granulomatous diseases are frequent causes of SH.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with a high incidence of hypophysitis, aiding pathogenesis understanding.

Conclusions:

  • Hypophysitis can be asymptomatic and easily missed, leading to significant morbidity or mortality from adrenal insufficiency.
  • Management includes surveillance, hormone replacement, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, or surgery based on severity.
  • Timely diagnosis and intervention are vital to minimize disease-related morbidity and mortality.