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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Published on: September 12, 2011

Cerebral microstructural abnormalities in impulsivity: a magnetic resonance study.

Vincenzo Alfano¹, Mariachiara Longarzo², Marco Aiello¹

¹IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, Naples, Italy.

Brain Imaging and Behavior

|March 5, 2020

Summary

This study reveals distinct white matter differences in impulsive individuals, identifying specific brain regions associated with impulsivity in a large healthy cohort. These findings highlight neuroanatomical substrates for this trait.

Keywords:

Delay discounting Fractional anisotropy Impulsivity Microstructure Morphometry

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuroimaging
Behavioral Science

Background:

Impulsivity is linked to structural and functional brain changes.
White matter microstructural attributes of impulsivity in large healthy samples remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate white matter microstructural differences between impulsive and non-impulsive healthy individuals.
To identify neuroanatomical substrates of impulsivity using advanced neuroimaging techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilized a large dataset (1007 subjects) from the Human Connectome Project.
Categorized subjects into impulsive and non-impulsive groups based on Delay Discounting task scores.
Performed voxelwise analysis on fractional anisotropy (FA) maps from magnetic resonance diffusion images.

Main Results:

Significant morphometric differences were observed, primarily in the temporal and frontal lobes.
The impulsive group showed higher FA values in the medial lemniscus, midbrain reticular formation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps major, and corticospinal tract.
The non-impulsive group exhibited higher FA values in the anterior thalamus radiation.

Conclusions:

Macroscopic and microstructural brain alterations are associated with impulsivity.
Identified novel neuroanatomical substrates contributing to the multidimensional construct of impulsivity in healthy adults.