How Ligand Binding Affects the Dynamical Transition Temperature in Proteins

The biochemical functions of proteins are activated at the protein glass transition temperature, which has been proposed to be dependent upon protein-water interactions. However, at the molecular level it is unclear how ligand binding to well-defined binding sites can influence this transition temperature. We thus report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the ϵ subunit from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 in the ATP-free and ligand-bound states over a range of temperatures from 20 to 300 K, to study the influence of ligand association upon the transition temperature. We also measure the protein mean square displacement (MSD) in each state, which is well established as a means to quantify this dynamical temperature dependence. We find that the transition temperature is largely unaffected by ligand association, but the MSD beyond the transition temperature increases more rapidly in the ATP-free state. Our data suggests that ligands can effectively "shield" a binding site from solvent, and hence stabilize protein domains with increasing temperature.