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Ethical Issues Posed by Field Research Using Highly Portable and Cloud-Enabled Neuroimaging.

Francis X Shen1, Susan M Wolf2, Ramon Gilberto Gonzalez3

  • 1University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Law, Brain, and Behavior, Boston, MA 02114, USA; MGH Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Neuron
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Portable neuroimaging offers new research opportunities but raises ethical concerns. Addressing these ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) is crucial for responsible innovation in brain imaging.

Keywords:
EEGMEGMRIPETartificial intelligencebiasbioethicsdiverse populationsfMRIfNIRSinformed consentneuroethicsneuroimagingprivacyresearch ethicsreturn of results

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Technology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Portable, cloud-enabled neuroimaging devices are emerging, shifting research from centralized facilities to field-based settings.
  • This facilitates broader participation, including underrepresented groups, and enables clinical and direct-to-consumer applications.
  • Current ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) frameworks are insufficient for these novel mobile neuroimaging technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the foundational ELSI issues associated with portable neuroimaging.
  • To propose a framework for addressing these challenges and guide future development and implementation.
  • To ensure ethical considerations keep pace with technological advancements in neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing ELSI research and neurotechnology development.
  • Ethics analysis of the unique challenges posed by portable and cloud-based neuroimaging.
  • Identification of key unresolved ELSI issues through expert review.

Main Results:

  • Seven critical ELSI issues were identified: informed consent, privacy, remote result communication, reliance on AI for data analysis, algorithmic bias in diverse populations, return of research results/incidental findings, and data access requests.
  • Existing policies for traditional MRI research are inadequate for mobile neuroimaging.
  • A need for new consensus ethical frameworks tailored to portable neuroimaging was highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Portable neuroimaging presents significant opportunities but requires urgent attention to its ethical, legal, and social implications.
  • Developing new ethical guidelines and policies is essential for the responsible advancement of mobile neuroimaging research and applications.
  • Proactive engagement with these ELSI issues will facilitate equitable and trustworthy neuroimaging research and clinical translation.