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Related Concept Videos

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

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Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Therapy Manufacturing with Dissolvable Microcarriers
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Recent progress in continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms.

V Vanhoorne1, C Vervaet1

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous drug manufacturing offers quality and cost benefits but faces implementation challenges. This review covers research, equipment, process analytical technology, and regulatory aspects for pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing.

Keywords:
Advanced process controlContinuous manufacturingDirect compressionProcess analytical technologyRoller compactionTwin-screw granulation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical manufacturing
  • Chemical engineering
  • Process control

Background:

  • Continuous drug product manufacturing is gaining traction in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • While recognized for improved quality and cost-efficiency, widespread adoption is hindered by challenges.
  • Existing batch manufacturing processes are well-established but less efficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical sector.
  • To highlight key research, equipment, and technological advancements.
  • To discuss regulatory considerations for implementing continuous manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of state-of-the-art research.
  • Analysis of current equipment and process analytical technology (PAT) implementations.
  • Examination of advanced control strategies and regulatory guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Continuous manufacturing research is advancing, with new equipment and PAT tools emerging.
  • Advanced control strategies are crucial for successful implementation.
  • Regulatory bodies are developing guidelines to support continuous manufacturing adoption.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming challenges in continuous manufacturing requires integrated approaches in research, technology, and regulation.
  • Successful implementation can lead to significant improvements in drug product quality and manufacturing costs.
  • Further development and clear regulatory pathways are essential for broader industry uptake.