Analysis of ZnS and MgF₂ layered nanostructures grown by glancing angle deposition for optical design

This study investigated the multilayer growth and properties of ZnS and MgF₂ using glancing angle deposition. We used deposition angles of 85°-89° for ZnS and 70°-88° for MgF₂ to obtain the structural properties. The film properties primarily followed Tait's rule with a deposition angle of less than 87° in the vapor flux. However, film growth with a vapor flux angle of 88°-89° followed the tangent rule. Mathematical and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy examinations found a transition point for the growth mechanisms at 87°, which comes from an extreme angle property for glancing angle deposition. We also performed mathematical derivations for the well-known empirical formula of the tangent rule and its generalized version. To stabilize the interface structure and surface roughness of multilayer structures, film growth at slightly tilted angles is recommended. Based on these results, an optical structure was designed, fabricated, and analyzed for a 550 nm wavelength pass filter on a glass substrate.