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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Epilepsy.

Stephen VanHaerents¹, Bernard S Chang^2,3, Alexander Rotenberg^3,4

¹Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|March 7, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive brain stimulation, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation, shows promise for epilepsy management. Further research is needed to optimize these techniques for seizure reduction and biomarker development.

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Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

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Published on: October 2, 2014

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Published on: June 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Neurostimulation is an established concept in epilepsy management.
Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques modulate brain activity using electromagnetic principles.
Understanding of neurostimulation and neuromodulation has advanced significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in epilepsy diagnosis and management.
To explore the potential of these noninvasive techniques in reducing seizure frequency and developing biomarkers.
To assess the current role of TMS in presurgical planning for epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing randomized sham-controlled studies and pilot studies on TMS and tDCS in epilepsy.
Analysis of TMS combined with EEG for biomarker development.
Evaluation of TMS for presurgical mapping of eloquent cortex.

Main Results:

Small studies suggest TMS and tDCS may reduce seizure frequency in refractory epilepsy with minimal side effects.
TMS combined with EEG shows potential for developing biomarkers of cortical hyperexcitability.
Navigated TMS is a valuable tool for presurgical functional planning.

Conclusions:

TMS and tDCS demonstrate significant potential benefits for epilepsy patients.
Further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials are essential.
Future research should focus on optimizing stimulation parameters, understanding mechanisms, assessing long-term effects, and defining clinical roles.