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Related Concept Videos

Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

326
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
326
Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
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Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

280
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
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Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

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Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
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Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

233
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

209
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
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Related Experiment Video

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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Geopolymer Based on Mechanically Activated Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag.

Ilda Tole1, Magdalena Rajczakowska1, Abeer Humad1

  • 1Building Materials, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mechanically activated air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) shows potential as a sustainable building material precursor. While GGBFS-based alkali-activated materials exhibit higher strength, MCA-ACBFS offers a viable alternative for eco-friendly construction.

Keywords:
air-cooled slagalkali activationcement-free mortarsground granulated slagmechanical activationmechanochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • Portland cement replacement is key for sustainable building materials.
  • Alkali-activated materials (AAM) offer a promising alternative.
  • Water-cooled ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a common AAM precursor, but air-cooled variants are less reactive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cementitious properties of mechanically activated air-cooled blast furnace slag (MCA-ACBFS).
  • To compare the performance of MCA-ACBFS in sodium silicate alkali-activated systems against traditional GGBFS.

Main Methods:

  • Air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) was subjected to mechanical activation using a planetary ball mill.
  • Alkali-activated systems were prepared using MCA-ACBFS and GGBFS as precursors.
  • Compressive strength was measured at 7 and 28 days.

Main Results:

  • MCA-ACBFS mixes achieved a 7-day compressive strength of 35 MPa and a 28-day strength of 45 MPa.
  • GGBFS-based samples generally exhibited higher compressive strength values.
  • Mechanical activation significantly improved the reactivity of ACBFS.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanically activated ACBFS demonstrates viable cementitious properties for alkali-activated systems.
  • MCA-ACBFS presents a potential sustainable alternative to GGBFS, though further optimization may be needed for comparable strength.
  • This research contributes to developing sustainable building materials through waste valorization.