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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
511
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates01:20

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Barbiturates

842
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a drug class that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate anxiety, promote relaxation and induce sleep.These drugs function by amplifying the actions of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in reduced neuronal activity. Barbiturates, a subset of sedatives and hypnotics first synthesized in the late 1800s, are categorized into ultra-short, short, intermediate, and long-acting groups based on their duration of effect. A...
842
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

660
Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
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Related Experiment Videos

Pharmacologic Methods: An Update on Optimal Presedation and Euthanasia Solution Administration.

Sheilah A Robertson1

  • 1Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice Inc., 17804 N US Highway, Lutz, FL, 33549, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|March 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-euthanasia sedation and anesthesia provide significant benefits for pets and owners. These methods enhance safety, reduce patient stress, and allow for less invasive administration of euthanasia solutions.

Keywords:
Adverse eventsAnesthesiaEuthanasiaInjectionPre-euthanasiaRouteSedation

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Welfare

Background:

  • Pre-euthanasia sedation and anesthesia offer numerous advantages.
  • Benefits include enhanced owner-pet bonding, improved safety for personnel, and reduced patient stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits of pre-euthanasia sedation or anesthesia.
  • To explore alternative administration routes for euthanasia solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pre-euthanasia sedation and anesthesia.
  • Discussion of non-intravenous administration routes, including oral transmucosal and oral routes.

Main Results:

  • Sedation/anesthesia minimizes the need for physical restraint for intravenous injections.
  • Non-intravenous routes, such as oral transmucosal, are feasible for certain euthanasia drugs.
  • The oral route is also possible, though data on specific drugs and dosages are limited.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-euthanasia sedation and anesthesia are valuable tools in veterinary end-of-life care.
  • Alternative administration routes can improve the euthanasia process, especially when intravenous access is challenging.