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Targets for therapy in biliary tract cancers: the new horizon of personalized medicine

Pritish Iyer1, Ming-Huang Chen2, Lipika Goyal3

  • 1Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Chinese Clinical Oncology
|March 10, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Targeted therapies show promise for biliary tract cancers (BTCs) by targeting specific mutations like FGFR, IDH, BRAF, and HER2. This review explores these new treatment avenues beyond traditional chemotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Molecular Medicine
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers Research

Background:

  • Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are complex and heterogeneous diseases.
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the current standard for unresectable BTCs.
  • Emerging molecular targets offer new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review identified molecular targets for BTC therapy.
  • To discuss the clinical development of targeted treatments for BTCs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of identified molecular targets in BTCs.
  • Analysis of clinical data for targeted therapies.
  • Focus on fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), DNA damage repair, and HER2 pathways.

Main Results:

  • Specific mutations in FGFR, IDH, BRAF, DNA damage repair, and HER2 pathways are implicated in BTC development.
  • Targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies show clinical activity.
  • Promising new therapeutic avenues are emerging for distinct BTC molecular subsets.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in BTC treatment.
  • Understanding molecular alterations is crucial for personalized BTC therapy.
  • Further clinical development is warranted for these targeted agents.
Keywords:
Biliary tract cancer (BTC)cholangiocarcinomatargeted therapy

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