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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

Published on: January 8, 2015

Inter-Individual Variation in Response to Estrogen in Human Breast Explants.

Karen A Dunphy¹, Amye L Black², Amy L Roberts²

¹The Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. kdunphy@vasci.umass.edu.

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

|March 11, 2020

Summary

Individual breast tissue responses to estrogen vary significantly among women. This variability in estrogen sensitivity, not ER levels, may influence breast cancer risk.

Keywords:

Estrogen receptor Estrogen signaling Human breast explants

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Genomics

Background:

Estrogen exposure is linked to increased breast cancer risk, yet not all women develop the disease.
Individual differences in estrogen sensitivity, observed in animal models, suggest a similar phenomenon in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate individual variations in estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen-induced responses in normal human breast tissue.
To understand how these variations relate to breast cancer risk.

Main Methods:

Microarray analysis of ER gene expression (ESR1, ESR2) in human breast tissue from female donors.
Ex vivo culture of breast tissue with 17β-estradiol (E2) to assess gene transcription, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

Estrogen receptor gene expression increased with age.
E2 consistently increased global gene transcription but selectively upregulated AREG, PGR, and TGFβ2 in nulliparous women.
No consistent changes in proliferation or apoptosis were observed following E2 treatment.

Conclusions:

Estrogen response varies greatly among women, independent of ER expression levels.
Differences in intracellular signaling pathways likely mediate individual sensitivity to estrogen.
This heightened sensitivity to E2 may contribute to the variation in breast cancer risk.