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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray optics and beam characterization using random modulation: theory.

Sebastien Berujon1, Ruxandra Cojocaru1, Pierre Piault1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray near-field speckle-based phase-sensing offers efficient optical element characterization. This review generalizes speckle methods for at-wavelength metrology, enabling selection of optimal approaches for diverse scenarios.

Keywords:
at-wavelength metrologymetrologynear-field speckle-based phase-sensingopticsspeckle

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • X-ray Science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Optical elements require precise characterization for advanced applications.
  • X-ray near-field speckle-based phase-sensing is an emerging technique for metrology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a theoretical review of X-ray near-field speckle-based phase-sensing methods.
  • To generalize speckle-based phase-sensing concepts for optical characterization.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate metrology approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical review of speckle-based phase-sensing techniques.
  • Generalization of speckle-based phase-sensing principles.
  • Analysis of processing methods for metrology applications.

Main Results:

  • A theoretical framework for several speckle-based phase-sensing methods is presented.
  • The generalization applies to various beams, optics, and metrology situations.
  • Understanding processing method differences is key to selecting optimal approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Speckle-based phase-sensing is a versatile tool for optical characterization.
  • The generalized framework supports at-wavelength metrology applications.
  • Method selection is crucial for successful metrology implementation.