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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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The HARE chip for efficient time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography.

Pedram Mehrabi1, Henrike M Müller-Werkmeister1, Jan Philipp Leimkohl2

  • 1Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) uses novel silicon chips for efficient time-resolved protein structure studies. This technique, time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography (TR-SSX), enables detailed analysis of dynamic biological processes.

Keywords:
HARELAMAdata collectionfixed-target serial synchrotron crystallographysample deliverytime-resolved crystallography

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) is advancing protein structure determination.
  • Time-resolved studies are crucial for understanding dynamic biological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 'hit-and-return' (HARE) protocol for efficient time-resolved data collection using SSX.
  • To detail accessories that facilitate time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography (TR-SSX) workflows.
  • To enable broader application of TR-SSX for studying various protein systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized specifically patterned silicon chips with discrete crystal wells for sample delivery.
  • Implemented optical excitation and on-chip mixing for reaction initiation.
  • Developed a novel vacuum loading platform for streamlined microcrystal loading, maintaining humidity.

Main Results:

  • The HARE protocol enables efficient time-resolved data collection with direct access to multiple time points.
  • HARE chips support optical excitation and on-chip mixing, expanding the range of amenable protein systems.
  • The vacuum loading platform simplifies crystal handling while preserving crystal integrity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HARE protocol and associated accessories significantly enhance TR-SSX capabilities.
  • These advancements facilitate widespread adoption and application of TR-SSX for dynamic protein studies.
  • The technical descriptions provided will aid researchers in implementing TR-SSX workflows.