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Related Concept Videos

Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Fixed Target Serial Data Collection at Diamond Light Source
06:19

Fixed Target Serial Data Collection at Diamond Light Source

Published on: February 26, 2021

Drop-on-fixed-target reaction initiation approach for serial and time-resolved crystallography.

Jos J A G Kamps1,2, Philip Hinchliffe3,4, Johan Glerup2

  • 1Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom.

Iucrj
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new drop-on-fixed-target method enables time-resolved serial crystallography. This technique precisely delivers tiny liquid droplets to enzyme microcrystals, improving data consistency at synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser facilities.

Keywords:
enzyme mechanismssample deliveryserial crystallographystructure determinationtime-resolved studies

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Fixed Target Serial Data Collection at Diamond Light Source
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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Time-resolved serial crystallography is crucial for observing dynamic biological processes.
  • Existing methods face challenges in precision and data consistency across different facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a novel drop-on-fixed-target method for time-resolved serial crystallography.
  • To enhance the accuracy and reliability of crystallographic studies at synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a piezoelectric droplet dispensing pipette for precise picoliter droplet delivery.
  • Developed a high-density crystalline silicon fixed-target chip with 25,600 wells for enzyme microcrystals.
  • Implemented advanced motion controls and strategies to mitigate cross-well contamination.

Main Results:

  • Successfully tested the system with lysozyme and two beta-lactamases (CTX-M-15 and AmpC_EC).
  • Demonstrated robust performance and data acquisition at both synchrotron and XFEL sources.
  • Validated the effectiveness of interleaved controls for managing cross-well contamination.

Conclusions:

  • The drop-on-fixed-target method provides a reliable framework for time-resolved crystallography.
  • This technique significantly improves the consistency and accuracy of measurements across diverse experimental facilities.
  • Facilitates more robust time-resolved crystallographic studies of enzyme dynamics.