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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Attractive serial dependence between memorized stimuli.

Michele Fornaciai1, Joonkoo Park2

  • 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.

Cognition
|March 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serial dependence, a visual bias, can arise purely from memory interference. This memory interference affects stimulus perception regardless of presentation order, influencing both past and future stimuli.

Keywords:
Memory interferenceNumerosity perceptionSerial dependenceVisual stability

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Serial dependence, an attractive bias where current stimuli resemble previous ones, is theorized to enhance visual stability.
  • Existing research suggests both perceptual and cognitive origins for serial dependence, but conditions inducing this bias require further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if memory interference alone can induce serial dependence.
  • To determine if serial dependence from memory interference operates independently of stimulus presentation order.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a numerosity estimation task, estimating dot counts in briefly presented arrays.
  • Experiment 1 established baseline serial dependence in a numerosity task.
  • Experiment 2 involved memorizing three dot arrays before estimation, with the target array cued post-presentation to isolate memory effects.

Main Results:

  • Serial dependence was observed, with numerical estimates biased by preceding stimuli.
  • Attractive biases were found in both forward (previous influencing current) and backward (later influencing earlier) directions when stimuli were memorized.
  • Memory interference alone was sufficient to induce serial dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Serial dependence can be solely induced by memory interference.
  • This memory-based serial dependence is independent of the chronological order of stimulus presentation.