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Propolis hosts a diversemicrobial community.

Enrico Casalone1, Duccio Cavalieri1, Giulia Daly1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Propolis, a hive product, harbors diverse microbial communities, including bacteria and fungi. These microbes contribute to propolis

Keywords:
Antimicrobial activityHoney bee hiveMicrobial communitiesPropolis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Apiculture
  • Ecology

Background:

  • The honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiome is well-studied, but microbial communities in other hive components, like propolis, remain largely unknown.
  • Propolis, a plant-derived resin used for hive hygiene, is traditionally considered antimicrobial and aseptic.
  • The microbial inhabitants and their ecological role within propolis have not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the microbial community diversity within honey bee propolis for the first time.
  • To investigate the cultivability and metabolic potential of propolis-associated microorganisms.
  • To assess the antimicrobial properties of isolated propolis bacteria and the potential of the propolis microbiota to contribute to hive health.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted metagenomics analysis to identify microbial taxa present in propolis.
  • Cultivation of microorganisms from propolis samples under standard laboratory conditions.
  • Characterization of metabolic profiles of isolated bacteria and their antimicrobial activity against various pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Propolis hosts a diverse microbial community, including bacteria and fungi, with taxa also found in other hive components.
  • Several microbial strains from propolis are cultivable and exhibit metabolic traits suitable for survival within propolis.
  • Isolated bacteria produce antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and entomopathogenic fungi.
  • Metagenomics revealed the presence of microbes with significant potential to inhibit harmful microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • Propolis is not aseptic but harbors a complex microbial community.
  • The characterized propolis microbiota likely contributes to its overall antimicrobial properties and role in hive hygiene.
  • These findings highlight the ecological significance of propolis-associated microbes in maintaining hive health.