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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Types of Cement I01:21

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Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
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Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

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The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
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Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice
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Calcium Silicate-Based Cements as Root Canal Medicament.

Okba Mahmoud1,2, Walid Ali Al-Meeri2, Mohideen Salihu Farook2

  • 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Adding 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) to calcium silicate cements (CSCs) significantly delayed their setting time up to 84 days. These enhanced root canal medicaments demonstrated improved calcium ion release and flowability compared to calcium hydroxide, with successful removal from root canals.

Keywords:
calcium silicate-based cementschlorhexidine gelintracanal medicament

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Endodontics
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are widely used as intracanal medicaments.
  • Optimizing their properties, such as setting time and efficacy, is crucial for endodontic treatment.
  • Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a common antimicrobial agent with potential to modify cement properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of adding 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) to calcium silicate cements (CSCs).
  • To evaluate the impact on the setting reaction and physical properties of CSCs for use as intracanal medicaments.
  • To assess the ease of removal of the modified CSCs from the root canal.

Main Methods:

  • CSCs (White Portland cement, white ProRoot MTA, Biodentine) were mixed with 2% CHX.
  • Setting time, flowability, film thickness, calcium ion release, and pH were evaluated according to ISO standards.
  • Root canals of 20 teeth were filled with experimental medicaments, then removed and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • The setting time of CSC/CHX mixtures was significantly inhibited for up to 84 days.
  • Calcium ion release was significantly higher for CSC/CHX compared to the control (calcium hydroxide).
  • Flowability was significantly enhanced, while film thickness and pH remained comparable to the control; SEM confirmed successful removal.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating 2% CHX into CSCs effectively retards setting, creating a potentially enhanced intracanal medicament.
  • The modified CSCs exhibit superior calcium ion release and flowability over calcium hydroxide.
  • These experimental medicaments are easily removable, indicating their potential for improved endodontic therapy.