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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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Ten Years of Gabor-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy.

Cristina Canavesi1, Jannick P Rolland1,2

  • 1LighTopTech Corp., 150 Lucius Gordon Drive, Suite 201, West Henrietta, NY 14586-9687, USA.

Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GDOCM) offers 2 μm 3D resolution for cellular imaging, surpassing traditional optical coherence tomography (OCT). Future advancements aim to integrate functional imaging and machine learning for enhanced material and clinical applications.

Keywords:
Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopynoninvasive imagingoptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Microscopy
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has limitations in cellular resolution.
  • Advancements in imaging technology are needed for higher resolution 3D cellular visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and detail the capabilities of Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GDOCM).
  • To highlight GDOCM's applications in clinical and industrial settings.
  • To outline future directions for GDOCM development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes low-coherence interferometry.
  • Incorporates liquid lens technology for dynamic focusing.
  • Employs high-speed imaging and precision scanning for 3D data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Achieves isotropic 2 μm resolution in three dimensions.
  • Enables imaging beyond the cellular resolution limit of OCT.
  • Demonstrated utility in dermatology, oncology, ophthalmology, and material science.

Conclusions:

  • GDOCM provides unprecedented 3D cellular resolution.
  • It has broad clinical and industrial applicability.
  • Future integration of functional modalities and AI will expand its capabilities.