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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

3D Printing Model of a Patient's Specific Lumbar Vertebra
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A do-it-yourself 3D-printed thoracic spine model for anesthesia resident simulation.

Michelle Han1, Alexandra A Portnova2, Matthew Lester3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new, low-cost 3D-printed thoracic spine model offers a valuable teaching tool for anesthesia trainees. This DIY simulator received positive feedback from both expert and novice anesthesiologists for its fidelity and usefulness in learning thoracic epidural placement.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Simulation
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Thoracic epidural placement is a crucial anesthetic procedure.
  • Existing training programs lack adequate simulation models for thoracic epidurals.
  • Current simulation methods for central line placement, cricothyroidotomy, and lumbar epidurals are common, but thoracic epidurals are not.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a low-cost, do-it-yourself (DIY) 3D-printed thoracic spine model.
  • To evaluate the fidelity and utility of this novel simulator as a training tool for anesthesia residents and attendings.
  • To make the design files and assembly manual publicly available to promote open-source medical education.

Main Methods:

  • A low-cost, DIY 3D-printed thoracic spine model was designed and fabricated.
  • Ten expert anesthesiology attendings and fifteen novice anesthesiology residents utilized the model for practice.
  • Participants completed a Likert scale survey to assess the model's fidelity and usefulness.

Main Results:

  • Both expert and novice anesthesiology trainees reported positive attitudes towards the thoracic spine model.
  • The survey results indicated high perceived fidelity and usefulness of the simulator.
  • The model was found to be an effective teaching tool for thoracic epidural placement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DIY 3D-printed thoracic spine model is a cost-effective and valuable educational resource.
  • This open-source simulator can enhance anesthesia training programs for thoracic epidural procedures.
  • Widespread adoption of this model can improve procedural training and patient safety in anesthesiology.