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Sex-specific Outcomes in a Substance Use Intervention Program.

Alexandra M Amaducci1, Marna Rayl Greenberg1, Andrew W Sheen1

  • 1University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA, USA; Department of Emergency and Hospital Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men exhibit higher rates of unhealthy substance use and treatment program participation compared to women. Emergency department interventions show greater engagement and referral success in males, though overall participation differences were not statistically significant.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Substance Use Disorders
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health issue.
  • Sex-specific outcomes in SUD screening and intervention are not well-established.
  • Emergency departments (EDs) are critical points for identifying and intervening in substance use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine sex-specific outcomes of an ED-based substance use screening, motivational interviewing intervention, and treatment referral program.
  • To investigate differences between sexes in substance use patterns, screening positivity, intervention agreement, follow-up participation, and referral success.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of patients in 3 Northeastern Pennsylvania hospitals (May 2017-Feb 2018).
  • Inclusion criteria: age ≥18, ability to participate, and admission of alcohol, tobacco, prescription, or street drug use.
  • ED practitioners screened patients; motivational interviewing was provided for unhealthy use, followed by tailored referrals and telephone follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Of 2209 screened, 976 (44.2%) were male. Overall positive screening prevalence was 24.8%.
  • Men had higher positive screening rates (30.5% vs 20.2%, P=0.01).
  • Men were more likely to report treatment program participation (32.9% vs 18.2%, P=0.035), and warm hand-off referral rates were higher for men (10.4% vs 2.5%).

Conclusions:

  • Unhealthy substance use rates were higher in men than women in this ED population.
  • While not statistically significant, men showed higher engagement in interventions and follow-up treatment participation.
  • Direct referral rates were low but greater for men, suggesting potential sex-based differences in response to ED-based interventions.