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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Nature-based solutions: a double-edged sword for biological invasions?

Luke J Potgieter1, Marc W Cadotte2, Xuhui Dong3

  • 1Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada; School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|May 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nature-based solutions (NbS) can help manage invasive species by restoring native ecosystems or controlling non-native populations. However, poorly designed NbS may inadvertently worsen biological invasions, highlighting the need for careful planning and risk assessment.

Keywords:
biological invasionsclimate resilienceecosystem-based adaptationmanagementpolicy

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Management

Background:

  • Nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining traction for addressing climate change and biodiversity loss.
  • The impact of scaling up NbS on biological invasions, a significant ecological crisis, is not well understood.
  • Non-native species establishment, spread, and impact are critical concerns in global change ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence of NbS on the establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native species.
  • To synthesize the consequences of scaling up NbS for biological invasions.
  • To identify mechanisms through which NbS can either mitigate or exacerbate invasion processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis and expert review of NbS and invasion science.
  • Analysis of ecological mechanisms influencing species invasions in the context of NbS.
  • Case study examples illustrating potential positive and negative interactions between NbS and invasions.

Main Results:

  • NbS can promote beneficial invasion outcomes via enhanced biotic resistance (native restoration) and targeted invasive species control.
  • Carefully managed relocation within NbS can be a beneficial strategy.
  • Inappropriately designed NbS can worsen invasions through non-native species introductions, altered dispersal, or inadequate ecosystem management.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating invasion science into NbS planning is crucial for maximizing co-benefits.
  • Robust risk assessment and long-term monitoring are essential for successful NbS implementation.
  • Strategic NbS design is necessary to ensure positive outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem function under global change.