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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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Intratumoral Immunotherapy-Update 2019.

Omid Hamid¹, Rubina Ismail², Igor Puzanov³

¹The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.

|March 13, 2020

Summary

Intratumoral immunotherapies, including oncolytic viruses like talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), show promise for treating melanoma and other solid tumors. T-VEC, the only FDA-approved oncolytic immunotherapy, demonstrates efficacy alone and with checkpoint inhibitors.

Keywords:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors Intratumoral immunotherapies Melanoma OPTiM Talimogene laherparepvec

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunotherapy
Virology

Background:

Intratumoral immunotherapies stimulate local and systemic anti-tumor responses through tumor cell lysis and antigen release.
Various agents, including oncolytic viruses and toll-like receptor 9 agonists, are under clinical investigation for solid tumors.
Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first FDA-approved oncolytic virus for unresectable melanoma.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent clinical trial results of key intratumoral immunotherapies.
To focus on T-VEC for advanced melanoma as a model for other solid tumors.
To provide oncologists with current information on intratumoral therapy development.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trial data for intratumoral immunotherapies.
Focus on talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) efficacy and safety.
Analysis of T-VEC as monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

T-VEC demonstrated a superior durable response rate in unresectable metastatic melanoma compared to GM-CSF.
Responses to T-VEC were observed in both injected and uninjected lesions, indicating systemic effects.
Combination therapy with T-VEC and checkpoint inhibitors significantly improved response rates.

Conclusions:

Intratumoral therapies, particularly oncolytic viruses like T-VEC, represent a novel and increasingly useful cancer treatment modality.
T-VEC is the sole FDA-approved oncolytic viral therapy, offering a treatment option for selected melanoma patients.
Clinical data support the incorporation of T-VEC into practice for manageable adverse events and potential patient response.