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Bioengineering the Blood-gas Barrier.

Katherine L Leiby^1,2, Micha Sam Brickman Raredon^1,2, Laura E Niklason^1,2,3

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Comprehensive Physiology

|March 13, 2020

Summary

The pulmonary blood-gas barrier

Area of Science:

Physiology
Biomedical Engineering
Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

The pulmonary blood-gas barrier is critical for gas exchange, requiring thinness, strength, and self-maintenance.
Understanding its structure and function is vital for treating lung diseases and developing artificial lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the key features enabling the blood-gas barrier's design criteria.
To describe the mechanical stresses on the barrier.
To focus on components preserving integrity and their compromise in disease.

Main Methods:

Review of classical and ongoing investigations on blood-gas barrier structure, function, and regulation.
Analysis of the barrier's biological and mechanical components.
Summary of recent advances in ex vivo engineering using lung-on-a-chip and tissue-engineered lungs.

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Main Results:

The blood-gas barrier's thinness, strength, and active maintenance are key design principles.
Mechanical forces during ventilation impact barrier integrity.
Biological and mechanical factors maintain homeostasis but can be compromised in disease.

Conclusions:

Understanding the pulmonary blood-gas barrier's engineering is crucial for lung disease insights and regenerative medicine.
Recent advances show promise for engineering functional blood-gas barriers ex vivo.