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Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
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Brain-computer interfaces for communication.

Mariska J Vansteensel1, Beata Jarosiewicz2

  • 1Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) severely impacts quality of life due to communication loss. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer a promising solution by utilizing neural signals for communication, bypassing muscle control limitations.

Keywords:
Brain-computer interfaceCommunicationImplantLocked-in syndromeNoninvasiveParalysisUsability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Locked-in syndrome (LIS) results in profound motor and speech impairment while preserving cognition.
  • Traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods are often insufficient for LIS patients with limited muscle control.
  • Restoring communication is crucial for improving the quality of life (QoL) in individuals with LIS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current brain-computer interface (BCI) research for communication in LIS.
  • To explore various noninvasive and invasive BCI signal acquisition techniques.
  • To discuss the translation of BCI research into practical communication solutions for LIS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on communication BCIs for LIS.
  • Analysis of noninvasive techniques: electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • Evaluation of invasive techniques: subdural and intracortical electrode arrays.

Main Results:

  • BCIs offer a viable alternative to traditional AAC by leveraging neural signals.
  • Both noninvasive and invasive BCI approaches show potential for enabling communication in LIS.
  • Significant research efforts are underway to develop robust and user-friendly BCI systems.

Conclusions:

  • BCIs represent a significant advancement in assistive technology for individuals with LIS.
  • Further research and development are needed to optimize BCI performance and clinical translation.
  • Successful BCI implementation can substantially improve communication abilities and QoL for LIS patients.