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Processing speed and attention training modifies autonomic flexibility: A mechanistic intervention study.

Feng V Lin1, Ye Tao2, Quanjing Chen3

  • 1Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging, School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.

Neuroimage
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving processing speed and attention (PS/A) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and brain network connectivity, potentially boosting adaptation capacity and dementia risk reduction.

Keywords:
AgingAutonomic flexibilityProcessing speed and attentionSalience networkVagal control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Adaptation capacity is crucial for cognitive health, especially in dementia-risk groups, but remains understudied.
  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a vital role in neurovisceral integration and adaptation capacity.
  • Understanding the central nervous system's (CNS) top-down regulation of the ANS is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether a processing speed and attention (PS/A) intervention causally influences vagal control of the ANS in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).
  • To examine the neural pathways mediating the relationship between PS/A and ANS regulation.
  • To assess the long-term effects of the intervention on cognitive function, ANS, and brain connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-week randomized controlled trial involving 84 older adults with aMCI.
  • Intervention group received PS/A-targeted training; control group received an active control without PS/A.
  • Repeated measures included PS/A tests, ECG for high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and fMRI for brain connectivity at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • The PS/A intervention group showed significant improvements in PS/A, HF-HRV, and connectivity within the salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and frontoparietal network (FPN) compared to controls.
  • These improvements in SN, CEN, and FPN connectivity were sustained at the 6-month follow-up.
  • Changes in PS/A and SN connectivity significantly predicted changes in HF-HRV, independent of age, neurodegeneration, or sex.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides novel evidence for the top-down regulation of ANS vagal control by PS/A and the SN.
  • Targeted PS/A interventions may enhance adaptation capacity in individuals at risk for dementia.
  • This approach offers a potential strategy for promoting cognitive resilience in aging populations.