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Related Concept Videos

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chiral Photonic Liquid Crystalline Polyethers with Widely Tunable Helical Superstructures.

Muhammad Amjad Farooq, Wei Wei, Huiming Xiong

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Polymer Chemistry
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) are crucial for optical technology due to their mechanical stability and processability.
    • Cholesteric liquid crystalline (CLC) polymers offer tunable structural properties relevant to visible wavelength applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and characterize novel cholesteric liquid crystalline polyethers with tunable pitch length and broad CLC phase windows.
    • To investigate the structure-property relationships of these polyethers for advanced optical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized monomer-activated anionic ring-opening polymerization for synthesizing well-defined multicomponent polyethers.
    • Incorporated chiral cholesteryl (Ch) and photochromic azobenzene (Az) mesogenic moieties.
    • Constructed a phase boundary diagram to map phase behaviors across varying compositions and temperatures.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved widely tunable pitch lengths and broad CLC phase windows, extending to the glassy state at room temperature.
    • Demonstrated planar oriented helical superstructures exhibiting tunable and switchable reflections across the entire visible spectrum (red, green, blue).
    • Correlated tunable optical properties with the inherent flexibility of the polyether backbone.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully designed and synthesized novel CLC polyethers with exceptional structural tunability.
    • The developed materials exhibit thermo-light dual-responsive properties, enabling switchable optical reflections.
    • These findings present a promising avenue for fabricating smart, switchable polymeric LC materials for optical technologies.