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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Picometer-Precision Atomic Position Tracking through Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 3, 2021

Pattern localization to a domain edge.

Manon C Wigbers¹, Fridtjof Brauns¹, Tobias Hermann¹

¹Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, D-80333 München, Germany.

Physical Review. E

|March 15, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Protein patterns form via reaction-diffusion models. This study reveals a generic edge-sensing mechanism where existing protein templates guide downstream pattern formation, crucial for cellular organization.

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Area of Science:

Cellular Biology
Biophysics
Systems Biology

Background:

Protein pattern formation in cells is often modeled using reaction-diffusion systems, originating from Turing's work.
Biological systems typically operate in heterogeneous environments, where existing patterns influence downstream pattern development.
Examples include Cdc42 polarization and actin ring formation, suggesting existing patterns act as templates for downstream proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate and analyze a generic, robust edge-sensing mechanism for protein pattern formation.
To investigate how downstream proteins sense and respond to the edges of pre-existing protein templates.
To extend the local equilibria theory for mass-conserving reaction-diffusion (McRD) systems to heterogeneous reaction kinetics.

Main Methods:

Utilized a two-component mass-conserving reaction-diffusion (McRD) model.
Extended the local equilibria theory to incorporate spatially heterogeneous reaction kinetics induced by a template.
Analyzed the phase space of reaction kinetics to graphically construct stationary patterns.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a mechanism where a protein template triggers regional mass-redistribution instability near its edge.
Showed that this instability leads to protein mass accumulation, forming a stationary peak at the template edge.
Identified simple geometric criteria on the reactive nullcline's shape that predict the operational status of the edge-sensing mechanism.

Conclusions:

Established a generic and robust mechanism for how protein patterns can sense and form at the edges of existing templates.
Provided a theoretical framework and graphical construction method for analyzing such heterogeneous pattern formation.
Results offer guidance for studying biological pattern formation and designing synthetic pattern-forming systems.