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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

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Introduction
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Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
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Cation insertion to break the activity/stability relationship for highly active oxygen evolution reaction catalyst.

Chunzhen Yang1,2, Gwenaëlle Rousse1,3,4, Katrine Louise Svane5

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A novel solid electrocatalyst, α-Li₂IrO₃, enhances oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity by fivefold through a unique water-reaction mechanism. This breakthrough improves hydrogen production efficiency and catalyst stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Large-scale hydrogen production via electrolysis is crucial for sustainable energy.
  • The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a bottleneck due to slow kinetics.
  • Existing OER catalysts often face a trade-off between activity and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly active and stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
  • To investigate a novel mechanism for enhancing OER performance in alkaline media.
  • To address the activity/stability limitations in current OER catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical characterization of α-Li₂IrO₃.
  • In-situ analysis of catalyst transformation during OER.
  • Evaluation of catalytic activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • α-Li₂IrO₃ transforms into a hydrated birnessite phase upon oxidation/delithiation.
  • The transformed phase exhibits a fivefold increase in OER activity compared to the pristine material.
  • A bulk redox process involving ion insertion and water oxidation stabilizes the catalyst surface.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electrocatalyst breaks the conventional activity/stability trade-off for OER.
  • The unique solid-to-homogeneous reaction mechanism offers a new pathway for designing efficient OER catalysts.
  • This advancement has significant implications for large-scale, eco-friendly hydrogen production.