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Ronen Hershman1,2, Yulia Levin3, Joseph Tzelgov4,5,6

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, Israel. ronenhe@post.bgu.ac.il.

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Stimulus readability affects task conflict in the Stroop task, particularly influencing pupil dilation responses. This finding is crucial for refining Stroop task theories and experimental controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • The Stroop task is a cognitive measure used to assess selective attention and processing speed.
  • Interference in the Stroop task is attributed to both information conflict and task conflict.
  • Previous research suggests stimulus readability influences task conflict, but primarily with vocal responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of stimulus readability on task conflict in the Stroop task using manual responses.
  • To examine the interplay between stimulus readability, response time, and pupil dilation.
  • To determine if readability influences the neutrality of neutral Stroop stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • A manual response Stroop experiment was conducted with four levels of neutral stimulus readability.
  • Participant response times and pupil dilation were recorded.
  • Data analysis focused on differences between congruent, incongruent, and neutral trial types across readability levels.

Main Results:

  • Response times were slowest for incongruent trials and fastest for congruent trials, with no significant differences across readability levels.
  • Pupil dilation was greatest for incongruent trials and smallest for neutral trials.
  • The difference between congruent and neutral trials in pupil dilation was modulated by stimulus readability, with unreadable neutrals showing earlier and prolonged effects.

Conclusions:

  • Stimulus readability significantly influences pupil dilation responses in the Stroop task, even with manual responses.
  • The findings challenge the assumption of consistent neutrality in Stroop task stimuli.
  • Researchers should consider stimulus readability when designing Stroop experiments and interpreting results, especially concerning neutral trials.