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Oat-Derived β-Glucans Induced Trained Immunity Through Metabolic Reprogramming.

Wei Pan1,2, Shanshan Hao1, Mingxuan Zheng1

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Inflammation
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Summary

Dietary oat β-glucan induces trained immunity in immune cells by altering their metabolism. This suggests that dietary fiber can enhance innate immune system responsiveness, potentially aiding in preventing infections and cancers.

Keywords:
Dietary fiberInnate immune memoryMacrophagesMonocytesTrained immunityβ-Glucan

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic reprogramming
  • Innate immunity

Background:

  • Trained immunity involves epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells for enhanced defense against secondary infections.
  • While fungal (1,3)/(1,6)-β-glucan is known to induce trained immunity, the impact of oat-derived (1,3)/(1,4)-β-glucan remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of oat β-glucan to induce trained immunity.
  • To explore the underlying metabolic reprogramming mechanisms involved in oat β-glucan-induced trained immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Validated cell culture models using mouse monocytes/macrophages and human THP-1 cells.
  • Stimulated cells with oat β-glucan and assessed immune responses upon re-stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands.
  • Analyzed changes in mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and key metabolic enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Oat β-glucan priming significantly increased mRNA expression and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after TLR stimulation.
  • Upregulation of key enzymes in the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid pathways was observed.
  • Inhibition of these metabolic enzymes reduced the enhanced TNF-α and IL-6 production.

Conclusions:

  • Oat β-glucan effectively induces trained immunity in innate immune cells.
  • This induction is mediated by metabolic reprogramming, specifically involving the upregulation of glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes.
  • Dietary fiber, like oat β-glucan, may play a crucial role in maintaining long-term innate immune system function, offering potential benefits for disease prevention.