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Related Concept Videos

Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Caspases01:24

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishing CENP-E Knockout HeLa Cells – A Novel Approach to Study Kinesin-7 CENP-E Biology and its Inhibitors
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From evolution to function: Two sides of the same CENP-B coin?

Riccardo Gamba1, Daniele Fachinetti1

  • 1Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.

Experimental Cell Research
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Centromere protein B (CENP-B) is unique in binding specific DNA sequences. Its evolutionary history and debated function highlight its complex role in chromosome segregation and centromere biology.

Keywords:
CENP-BCentromereEvolution

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The centromere is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • CENP-B is a unique centromeric protein that binds specific DNA motifs.
  • Its evolutionary trajectory and functional significance remain areas of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary dynamics of CENP-B.
  • To investigate the selective advantages of CENP-B's role at the centromere.
  • To discuss the function and homeostasis of CENP-B in centromere biology.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of CENP-B and its DNA binding site.
  • Review of recent findings on CENP-B's role in chromosome dynamics.
  • Examination of CENP-B's dispensability and recurrent centromeric activity.

Main Results:

  • CENP-B's DNA binding capability is a distinguishing feature among centromeric proteins.
  • Evidence suggests independent acquisition of CENP-B function across species.
  • Recent studies offer insights into CENP-B's involvement in chromosome dynamics, though its precise function is debated.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of CENP-B involves independent functional gains.
  • CENP-B's dispensability contrasts with its recurrent presence, posing an evolutionary puzzle.
  • Understanding CENP-B's evolution, function, and homeostasis is vital for centromere biology.