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Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Viral Recombination

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Cross-Reactive Immunity Among Flaviviruses.

Abhay P S Rathore¹, Ashley L St John^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology

|March 17, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flaviviruses cause millions of infections, and cross-reactive immune responses can be beneficial or harmful. This review explores functional immune outcomes from varied flaviviral immune statuses, detailing protective versus pathological responses.

Keywords:

Zika cross-protection dengue flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis vector-borne yellow fever

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Area of Science:

* Virology and Immunology
* Infectious Diseases

Background:

* Flaviviruses are major human pathogens causing millions of infections annually.
* Antigenic similarities lead to cross-reactive immune responses to multiple flaviviruses.
* Widespread distribution and vaccination increase exposure to diverse flaviviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review current knowledge on functional immune outcomes resulting from varied flaviviral immune statuses.
* To elucidate the dual nature of flavivirus cross-reactivity, which can be protective or pathogenic.
* To address the mechanisms underlying protective and pathological cross-reactive antibody and T cell responses.

Main Methods:

* Comprehensive literature review of studies on flavivirus immunity.
* Analysis of research on cross-reactive antibody and T cell responses.
* Synthesis of findings on immune outcomes in individuals with diverse flaviviral exposure histories.

Main Results:

* Flavivirus cross-reactivity presents a complex immunological landscape.
* Immune responses can be either protective, enhancing defense against subsequent infections, or pathological, contributing to disease.
* The outcome depends on specific viral antigenic properties and the individual's immune history.

Conclusions:

* Understanding flavivirus cross-reactivity is crucial for predicting and managing disease outcomes.
* Distinguishing between protective and pathological immune responses is key for vaccine development and therapeutic strategies.
* Further research is needed to fully delineate the factors governing beneficial versus detrimental immune responses to flaviviruses.