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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration
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Corneal epithelial basement membrane: Structure, function and regeneration.

Steven E Wilson1, Andre A M Torricelli2, Gustavo K Marino2

  • 1Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|March 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corneal basement membrane (BM) regeneration is crucial for preventing persistent myofibroblast development and corneal haze after injury. Proper epithelial BM repair inhibits growth factors that drive fibrosis, restoring corneal transparency.

Keywords:
Collagen type IVCorneaCorneal fibrosisEpithelial basement membraneHistopathologyLamininsNidogen-1Nidogen-2PerlecanScarringWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Extracellular matrix biology
  • Ocular surface disease
  • Tissue regeneration

Background:

  • Basement membranes (BMs) are dynamic structures regulating tissue development and repair.
  • Corneal BM composition differs from other tissues due to avascularity and low keratocyte density.
  • Severe corneal injuries can lead to myofibroblast development and fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of epithelial basement membrane (EBM) regeneration in corneal fibrosis.
  • To understand how EBM defects contribute to myofibroblast persistence after injury.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying corneal transparency restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrastructural analysis of corneal injury and repair.
  • Investigating the role of growth factors (TGF-β, PDGF) in myofibroblast activation.
  • Examining the contribution of keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts to EBM components.

Main Results:

  • Defective EBM regeneration after corneal injury promotes myofibroblast development.
  • Penetration of growth factors through defective EBM drives myofibroblast persistence.
  • Keratocytes and fibroblasts produce essential EBM components for regeneration.
  • Myofibroblasts impede EBM regeneration and contribute to corneal opacity.

Conclusions:

  • Complete EBM regeneration is essential for resolving corneal haze.
  • Restoration of corneal transparency depends on EBM repair, myofibroblast apoptosis, and stromal matrix remodeling.
  • Targeting EBM regeneration may offer therapeutic strategies for corneal fibrosis.