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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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Targeting complex, adaptive responses in melanoma therapy.

Phil Cheng1, Mitchell Paul Levesque1, Reinhard Dummer1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Cancer Treatment Reviews
|March 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New combination treatments for metastatic melanoma show promise by targeting multiple adaptive mechanisms. Research reviews strategies to overcome tumor progression and treatment resistance, addressing challenges like patient selection and toxicity.

Keywords:
Combination treatmentMelanomaTargeted therapyTherapeutic resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Metastatic melanoma exhibits complex adaptive resistance to targeted therapies.
  • Understanding these adaptive mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest pre-clinical and clinical findings on combination treatments for metastatic melanoma.
  • To highlight strategies for delaying tumor progression by targeting adaptive responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on targeted therapies and combination approaches.
  • Analysis of pre-clinical and clinical data on simultaneous inhibition strategies.
  • Examination of epigenetic and immunological checkpoint targeting.

Main Results:

  • Combination treatments involving simultaneous inhibition of signaling pathways, metabolic programs, epigenetic mechanisms, or immunological checkpoints show potential.
  • These strategies aim to overcome tumor adaptive resistance and delay progression.
  • Challenges include patient stratification and managing increased toxicities.

Conclusions:

  • Combination therapies represent a promising avenue for managing metastatic melanoma.
  • Addressing adaptive resistance and optimizing treatment regimens are key for future success.
  • Careful patient stratification and toxicity management are essential for clinical implementation.