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Related Experiment Videos

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: epidemiological studies.

J W Wilesmith1, G A Wells, M P Cranwell

  • 1Epidermiology Unit, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey.

The Veterinary Record
|December 17, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemiology reveals a common source epidemic, likely linked to contaminated cattle feed. Genetic analysis ruled out simple inheritance and import origins for this novel neurological disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases in Cattle
  • Prion Disease Research

Background:

  • Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) emerged in Great Britain in 1986 as a novel neurological disorder in cattle.
  • Early suspected cases date back to April 1985, with disease onset in June 1987 for this study.
  • Clinical signs varied but commonly included behavioral changes, ataxia, paresis, and weight loss, with pruritus being uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
  • To identify potential sources and transmission routes of the novel cattle disease.
  • To explore genetic factors and compare BSE with similar animal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological analysis of BSE cases identified from 1985 onwards.

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  • Investigation of potential common factors including chemical exposures and farm management practices.
  • Genetic analyses to assess inheritance patterns.
  • Comparison of aetiological factors with scrapie in sheep.

    • Main Results:

    • The epidemic pattern suggested an extended common source, with all affected animals as index cases.
    • No common factors were found related to therapeutic or agricultural chemical use.
    • Genetic studies excluded simple Mendelian inheritance as the sole cause.
    • No evidence indicated introduction via imported cattle or semen.
    • Aetiological similarities with sheep scrapie were supported.
    • Findings indicated cattle exposure to a scrapie-like agent through feedstuffs containing ruminant-derived protein.
    • Estimated exposure initiation in 1981/82, with most infections occurring in calfhood.

    Conclusions:

    • BSE epidemiology is consistent with a common-source epidemic linked to contaminated feedstuffs.
    • The disease is likely caused by a scrapie-like agent transmitted via ruminant-derived protein in cattle feed.
    • Exposure likely began in 1981/82, with peak infection in young cattle.
    • BSE is not solely determined by simple genetic inheritance and was not introduced via imports.